Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious viral illness that was eliminated in the U.S. in the year 2000. However, due in part to some people becoming wary of vaccines, more Americans now lack immunity.
Recently, the CDC has identified outbreaks in 15 states. Worldwide, in 2023 there was a 79% increase in measles cases that resulted in over 130,000 deaths, mainly in children.
Why does this matter? Measles can cause complications including middle ear infections, pneumonia, brain swelling from inflammation (may cause vision or hearing loss, seizures, learning disabilities, and other neurological problems), and even death.
Measles is spread mainly through droplets in the air from infected people. It can spread before the person has symptoms.
One characteristic feature is a red rash beginning on the skin of the head and traveling down to the feet. This usually starts 3-5 days after onset of illness.
If someone has not been vaccinated and they are exposed to measles, it is recommended that they get vaccinated within 3 days after exposure. Also, unvaccinated people who are exposed are recommended to be quarantined for 21 days to limit community spread.
The measles vaccine is highly effective. Receiving two separate vaccinations prevents measles in 97% of exposed individuals.
I highly recommend that people take this risk seriously. If you have not had two measles vaccinations, talk to your doctor for advice.
Peter M. Hartmann, MD
Family Medicine & Psychiatry
